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Orchestration
Mahler Symphony No. 3
Woodwind
4 Flutes (3rd and 4th doubling on piccolo)
4 Oboes (4th doubling on English horn)
5 Clarinets (3 B-flat/A clarinets, 3rd doubling bass and 2 E-flat clarinets, with the second E-flat often doubling the 4th B-flat)
4 Bassoon (4th doubling on contrabassoon)
Brass
8 Horns
4 Trumpets
4 Trombones
1 Tuba
String sections
Violin I
Violin II
Viola
Cello
Bass (with low C string)
2 Harps
Timpani
8 Timpani (two players, four timpani each)
Percussion, 3 percussionists
1 Bass drum
1 Cymbals
1 Rute (birch brush)
1 Glockenspiel
1 Snare drum
1 Tam tam
1 Triangle
1 Tamborine
Voice
Alto soloist (used only in movements 4 and 5)
Women’s choir (used only in movement 5, “on a high gallery”)
Boys’ choir (used only in movement 5, “on a high gallery”)